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Proteomics research on sexual dimorphism demonstrates hormonal related metabolic differences between men and women. Fluctuating female sex hormone levels are associated with changes in glucose and insulin homeostasis, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Nutrient supplements and botanicals are popular for some women whose quality of life is affected by premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and peri-menopause symptoms even though little is known about the physiologic need for these supplements and how therapeutic measures must vary with symptoms. Therefore, more comprehensive characterizations of the metabolic and nutritional consequences of hormone metabolism in healthy women are necessary to develop relevant nutrition products linked to physiology.